Requests for marriage dispensation requested by parents are known to have reached up to 435 cases. Such was the case in Bojonegoro, East Java, most recently in November 2023.
Launching from BBC News Indonesia, on 16/12/2023, Solikin Jamik, the Chief Registrar of the Bojonegoro Religious Court, said that the parents who applied for marriage dispensation for their children were mostly elementary and junior high school graduates.
It is known that one of the family members who applied for marriage dispensation for the child, admitted on the basis of reasons to avoid adverse effects such as adultery.
It should be noted that marriage dispensation is the granting of permission from the Court to a prospective husband or wife who has not yet reached the age of 19 in order to carry out their marriage.
According to Solikin, these figures are actually down when compared to the past 3 years. "In 2021, there were 608 dispensation cases, and in 2022 there were 527 cases," he told Dedi Mahdi, reporting for BBC News Indonesia, on Friday, 15/12.
These applicants, who apply for marriage dispensation, are usually on the basis of poverty and lack of education, he continued.
Court records show that most of the children who applied for marriage dispensation were elementary and junior high school graduates.
However, ironically, of the 50 couples whose marriage dispensation applications were accepted, they ended up divorced and did not last even one year, only a few months.
Why do parents apply for marriage dispensation for their children?
According to Alimatul Qibtiyah, as Commissioner of Komnas Perempuan, said that there are several factors that encourage parents to apply for marriage dispensation to the Religious Court for their children who are not yet 19 years old.
First, there is a tradition or culture that is still attached, in viewing women who have menstruated are considered ready to marry.
Second, to cover the disgrace, because of pregnancy outside of marriage.
Third, the lack of parents' views on the education of their daughters. Their point of view, according to him, is that higher education is not important, because in the end women must be at home, or other terms in the kitchen.
Finally, because of religious arguments that teach to avoid adultery.
Of these reasons, two of them, namely fear of adultery and already pregnant, are the most dominant reasons for submitting a request for dispensation of marriage.
Isa Anshori, as Head of the Data, Information and Research Division of the Indonesian Child Protection Institute or (LPAI) Surabaya, agreed on two of the reasons above. Namely, fear of adultery and pregnancy outside of marriage, so that the application is the most dominant pretext for asking for marriage dispensation.
Meanwhile, data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2023 noted that the highest areas of child marriage cases were in 10 provinces, including West Nusa Tenggara, Gorontalo, West Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, North Maluku, North Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, West Sumatra and South Kalimantan.
Followed by reference to data from the Religious Courts Agency, the number of applications for marriage dispensation for children increased, namely in 2020 from the previous 24,856 to 64,222. In fact, according to Pribudiarta Nur Sitepu, as Secretary of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection or (KPPPA), this has tripled.
Meanwhile, in 2021, 62,119 marriage dispensation requests were submitted, and only 61,449 were granted. Then, in 2022, 52,095 requests were submitted, and 50,748 were accepted.
How does early marriage affect children?
Alimatul Qibtiyah, Commissioner of the National Commission on Violence Against Women, explained that child marriage indirectly means systematic impoverishment of women. The reason is, girls who have married will stop going to school. And it is rare for those who are married to continue their schooling.
In addition, after they get married, they will certainly get pregnant and this is where the coercion of social maturity occurs. They will certainly lose their teenage years with their friends, in order to take care of a child without sufficient provisions and extensive experience.
Not only that, children who are already married will have their reproductive health compromised. Especially if they have to get pregnant because they have the potential to experience complications and maternal death when undergoing labor at too young an age. And in the end, the impact on the babies they give birth to has a low weight.
Another thing is that children are vulnerable to violence in their households. Because they are still not ready from a psychological point of view, and mentally in undergoing a household.
Thank you, I hope this information can be useful!
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